Facts about Earths Moon Essay -- essays research papers

The stagnate about is a wondrous thing. Every night its outside, up risque in the sky, giving light to the world. Most pile take advantage of the moons light, because they dont know why or how the moon shines. Scientists today are agile proving theories and studying the moon, which will hopefully help society to understand the moon much. They know a lot about the moon, but there is still much more to learn.?The Eagle has landed.? Many people use this phrase without knowing where it came from. On July 20, 1969, NASA astonished the world, when Neil Armstrong spoke these words when the Apollo spacecraft, nicknamed ?the Eagle,? landed on the moon?s surface. He later spoke the famous words, ?One small step for man, one giant leap for mankind,? when he was the first man to set cull on the moon. When astronauts walk on the moon, they are allowed to breathe, because of their space suits. These space suits guard oxygen tanks in them, and allow astronauts to stay out in spac e for up to seven hours at a time. They defy to think ahead a few steps so they can step or turn without difficulty, because they have to take huge steps. The pull of gravity on the moon is one-sixth lower than the pull of gravity on the Earth, which makes them a lot lighter on the moon. The moon?s gravitational pull controls the ocean?s tides on the Earth. The moon pulls the Earth and water towards it, which causes an increase of water nearest the moon. As the moon pulls the core of the Earth towards it, the water on the side farthest away from the moon flings around to the side, and creates an increase of water there, too. The increase of water is called a high tide. On the sides of the Earth not facing the sun or moon, there are low tides. Each beach or po... ...lieve that millions of years ago, a effect of rock as big as Mars hit the Earth, and the collision blasted a huge amount of rock into space, and the shattered pieces of rock went into field of view around the Earth. Over millions of years, the rocks clumped together to form the moon, and now it is not the pieces of rock that orbit the Earth, but the moon itself. Scientists, Native Americans, and many other people have their theories of how the moon became, but none have been proven. Scientists have studied the moon for many years, and have proven many theories, but not this one.Most people still take advantage of the moon, even after society has learned so much about it. They won?t think of it until the day the moon isn?t there anymore, which won?t happen anytime soon. Scientists have helped us greatly in understanding the moon, but there is still much more to learn.

The Catholics take on the end of the world :: essays research papers

The Last Judgment and The End of the World What would one do if you knew the world was going to sack in 5 minutes? Would they do on the whole the things they always desired to do but never got the time for? Would one get down and pray for forbearance or would they sit back, relax and anticipate for the apocalypse to gravel. Everyone has some idea that they will be judged at the end of time of all the every solar day decisions that they make. There are 4 main areas of curiosity about the Last Judgment and the end of the world that this writer will familiarize you on in this paper, what it will be like preceding The Coming, When the Judgment will take place, the two types of judgment, and the conclusion afterwards.Everyone has his own sentiment of when he thinks the world will end some said it would happen at the turn of the millennium but it didnt, others have hypothesized random dates throughout history But none have number true as to date. Jesus teaches that many calamities w ill mark the Second Coming and the Apocalypse. Kevin Knight writes in an article for New Advent and in it he says, They are meant to foreshadow not to tell the day or the time, and will include. 1) The General Preaching of the Christian Religion. 2) The Conversion of the Jews. 3) The Return of Enoch and Elijah. 4) A Great forswearing or revolt against the Catholic Faith. 5) The Reign of Antichrist who will be a powerful adversary of Christ. He will seduce the nations by his wonders, and persecute the Church. 6) unholy Perturbations of Nature. 7) The Universal Conflagration. 8) The Trumpets of Resurrection will awaken the dead to resurrection. 9) The sign of the Son of Man Appearing in Heaven or in a marvelous cross of light. The Earth should coating for millions of years and gradually get colder until all life forms die, unless God steps in and brings the world, as the world knows it and passes out the last judgment. The population does not know when the Second Coming will trans pire but they must be perpetually on the watch because it will come like a thief in the night. The American Heritage Dictionary defines the Last Judgment as The final judgment by God of all mankind. This interpretation is accurate but not fully complete because there is more behind it than that simple definition.

newspaper reader ship :: essays research papers fc

INTRODUCTIONThe world is in turmoil, at least that is what the media projected. But it was true there was a major problem with the world on that autumn morning in September 11th. The mighty have f all(prenominal)en, was heard elsewhere as this great nation of America felt its origin real attack since December 7, 1945 when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor. As all of the nations of the world sat slacked jawed and paralyzed, the American media worked at a feverish pace to assure all what had dependable happened. The media did a wonderful job portraying the crimsonts that took place during and after September 11th. Especially the intelligence servicepapers, with the up to the minute news processing and group for up to the minute news. They even at times collaborated with other news sources so that they were able to be a main source for news. Newspapers is the only news mass media that has been there for every major disaster that America has gone through. The Revolutionary war us ed newspapers for the most up-to-date information for those whose family was fighting further off it was even used to inform the cities of what was happening with the current g everywherenment. Then there was the Civil War, and not to mention the deaths of Presidents. Newspapers have covered from behind the lines during battles. They were even there for even the saddest of moments when great people have passed on such as President John F. Kennedy and Princess Diana. Newspapers have covered lots of news over the twelvemonths and have had a lot of readers. But is it because of these disasters that newspapers are still around? Has the tragedy of September 11th helped to improve sunshine newspaper readership? Sunday Newspaper ReadershipAccording to Newspaper Association of America there was a steady decline in Sunday readership before and continuing through the year 2000. Readers whether part time or full time newspaper readers were just not picking up their papers anymore. AT least 18 % of all readers have started to read less or have decided not to pick up the paper all together. This continuous downfall has not just affected the occasional reader it has affected every type from the hardcore to the infrequent reader. It is hard to reach the Sunday reader or even the emf reader to find out what they like to read in the newspaper since most of the time the reader is a one time a week reader or even an occasional reader.

Childhood Conduct Disorder Essay -- Diseases/Disorders

Introduction A History and Brief Overview of Conduct upsetConduct roughness has been a part of the American Psychological Associations Diagnostic Statistical Manuel (DSM) since its original release date in 1994. Although, in that respect is new information about the indisposition that was previously unknown, Conduct Disorder is distinguished by a repetitive and persistent pattern of demeanour in which the basic rights of others or major age-appropriate norms or rules are violated (American Psychiatric Association, 1994.) This mild, moderate, or severe antisocial behavior begins to appear either in childhood, categorised as early-onset conduct disorder , or in adolescence after ten years of age, classified as adolescent-onset conduct disorder (Passamonti et al., 2010.) The criteria to meet to be diagnosed with this disorder are separated into four subgroups aggressive conduct, nonaggressive conduct, deceitfulness or theft, and serious violations of the rules. Three or more incid ents must be present in the past twelve months with at least one of the characteristics being present in the past six months. This disorder causes severe impairment of functioning crossways a variety of situations so it is important to keep in mind society and individual situations because this diagnosis may be misapplied to individuals in settings where patterns of undesirable behavior are sometimes viewed as protective (American Psychiatric Association, 1994.) For example, a patient that has recently relocated from a war torn country would most belike not be a candidate for Conduct disorder even though he or she may exhibit some of the characteristics. An interesting preeminence between the two subcategories is that those diagnosed with early-onset Conduct Dis... ...004). Childhood Adversity, Monoamine Oxidase A Genotype, and Risk for Conduct Disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 738-744.Lahey et al. (2004). Predicting Future Antisocial Personality Disorder in Males from a clinical A ssessment in Childhood. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 389-399. Maughn et al. (2004). Prenatal Smoking and Early Childhood Conduct Problems. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 836-843.Milich, R., Widiger, T. & Landau, S. (1987). Differential Diagnosis of Attention Deficit Disorder Using Conditional Probabilities. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology. 726-767.Miller, G. E. & Prinz, R. J. (1990). Enhancement of Social Learning Family Interventions for Childhood Conduct Disorder. Psychological Bulletin.Passamonti et al. (2010). Neural Abnormalities in Early-Onset and Adolescent-Onset Conduct Disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 729-738.

Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown - The Puritans and Love Essay -- Young

Young Good gentleman embrown The Puritans and Love Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown, exposes the puritan view of make out and relationships. In theory, these 2 visions are diametrically opposed. One exalts love as a physical manifestation between two individuals (although it also claims to represent higher ideals), the other sees it as a spiritual need, one best manifested by attachment to God. In fact, the puritans did not see love as a good thing, but rather as an evil, a grim necessity, that is, they saw physical love (between a man and a woman, or sexuality and all it carries with it) as such. The emotional turmoil affecting Goodman Brown clearly expresses this. The problem we find in this story, and in puritanism, is that it presents contrasting views of love. Attachment to earthbound possessions, to other people in fact, is discouraged, because everything physical leads to temptation and damnation, and ultimately hell, while the road to salvation of the individual wanders th rough a spiritual discipline, rigour, austerity. A man should not love his wife more than he loves God in fact, it is recommended that he not derive pleasure from his wife, but rather seek suffering, in order to redeem himself from his earthly condition, his impure state. This conception of love can be traced back to the first chapters of the Bible, Genesis. Adam and Eve, in the garden of Eden, eat the command fruit and are forever outcast from paradise, forced to suffer. The puritans argued that, if God wishes us to suffer, who are we to go against his wishes. We are sinners, because of the Original Sin, and it was Eve who gav... ...ne, it kept the women in a box, it basically prevented uprising by instilling divine fear. Eventually, these ideas evolved, but we still witness many of the after effects of puritanism in todays world. Again, however, we are faced with a story, this time written after the fact, that sheds a negative light on an ideology. It seems Nathaniel Hawthorne d id not want to endorse puritanism, but denounce it, denounce the abuse and contradiction in terms it implied. Once more, we find a work that denigrates an established understanding of love. First, there was opposition to the courtly love tradition, now, we find opposition to the puritan love ideology. So far, we have only been willing to define love by what it wasnt, what we felt was a wrong way of doing things. If a more definitive answer is to be found, it must be found elsewhere.

Critical Analysis of an Incident in a Clinical Setting :: Reflection Upon Nursing Skills

The purpose of this essay is to reflect and critically study an mishap from a clinical setting whilst using a model of reflection. This will allow me to analyse and make sense of the incident and draw conclusions relating to personal encyclopaedism outcomes. The significance of critical analysis and critical incidents will briefly be discussed followed by the process of reflection using the chosen model. The incident will accordingly be described and analysed and the people involved introduced. (The names of the people involved have been changed to protect their privacy) and then I will examine issues raised in light of the recent literature relating to the incident. My essay will include a discussion of communication, interpersonal skills used in the incident, and finally evidence based set. I will conclude with explaining what I have learned from the experience and how it will change my future actions.In accordance with the 2002 Nursing and Midwifery Council, the clients detail s and musical arrangement setting has not been disclosed in order to maintain confidentiality.Critical incidents are snapshots of something that happens to a patient, their family or nurse. It may be something positive, or it could be a situation where someone has suffered in some way (Rich & Parker 2001). Reflection and analysis of critical incidents is widely regarded as a valuable learning tool for nurses. The practice requires us to explore our actions and feelings and examine evidence-based literature, thus bridging the gap between theory and practice (Bailey 1995). It also affords us the opportunity of changing our way of thinking or practicing, for when we reflect on an incident we can learn valuable lessons from what did and did not work. In this way we develop self-awareness and skills in critical thinking and problem work out (Rich & Parker 2001). Critical incidents ???To be self aware is to be conscious of ones character, including beliefs, values, qualities, strengths and limitation. It is about knowing oneself (Burnard 1992).I am going to use Gibbs (1988) Reflective Cycle. This because Gibbs is clear and small allowing for description, analysis and evaluation of the experience helping the pensive practitioner to make sense of experiences and examine their practice. Taking action is the key Gibbs prompts to formulate an action plan. This enables the reflective practitioner to look at their practice and see what they would change in the future, how they would develop/ reform their practice.Gibbs (1988) consists of six stages to complete one cycle which is able to improve my nursing practice continuously and learning from the experience for better practice in the future.

Trespass

TRESPASS TO THE PERSON Aims of Lectures * OVERVIEW OF THE TORTS COVERING TRESPASS TO THE PERSON * DEFENCES TO TRESPASS TO THE PERSON * ALTHOUGH NOT A PART OF TRESPASS TO THE PERSON WE leave ALSO ASSESS THE RULE IN WILKINSON V DOWNTON 1. OVERVIEW The aim/s of these torts Protection from personal interference / protects your bodily integrity and your liberty. The pass torts are unjust per se (there is no need to prove damage). A trespass to the person may well also be a CRIME and criminal truth cases can be helpful but please note that a CIVIL action is designed to achieve a different objective i. . to vindicate your right / claim damages or to prove a point (Halford v Brookes 1991 1 WLR 428). For a recent case against the police see ZH v Commissioner of Police 2012 EWHC 604 involving a 16 year old autistic teenager at a swimming pool http//www. judiciary. gov. uk/Resources/JCO/Documents/Judgments/zh-v-commissioner-of-police. pdf There are three forms of trespass to the person A. ASSAULT B. BATTERY C. FALSE IMPRISONMENT PLEASE NOTE THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN TRESPASS AND NEGLIGENCE Trespass is DIRECT and INTENTIONAL. Negligence is validating and UNINTENTIONAL. Letang v Cooper 1965 1 QB 232Wilson v Pringle 1986 2 ALL ER 440 A. ASSAULT An assault is an act which causes another person to apprehend the infliction of immediate, unlawful, twitch on his person. Robert Goff LJ in Collins v Wilcock 1984 1 WLR 1172, at 1177 PLEASE NOTE DIRECTNESS IS ALSO IMPORTANT In everyday language wad use the term assault to also describe battery (see below). We will observe the strict legal distinction. Case Law Examples Hopper v reeve (1817) 7 Taunt 69 Purcell v Horn (1838) 8 A and E 602 Osborne v Veitch (1858) 1 F and F 317 Tuberville v Savage (1669) 1 Mod 3 Stephens v Myers (1830) 4 C and P 349Thomas v NUM 1985 2 All ER 1 Darwish v EgyptAir 2006 EWHC 1399 (QB) DPP v Smith 2006 EWHC 94 (Admin) CAN WORDS OR EVEN SILENCE CONSTITUTE AN ASSAULT? R v Meade (1823) 1 Lew CC 184 R v Wi lson 1955 1 WLR R v Ireland 1997 3 WLR 534 B. BATTERY A battery is the actual infliction of unlawful force on another person. Robert Goff LJ in Collins v Wilcock 1984 1 WLR 1172, at 1177 PLEASE NOTE (AGAIN) DIRECTNESS IS IMPORTANT IN BATTERY Case Law Examples Nash v Sheen 1953 CLY 3726 Dodwell v Burford (1670) 1 Mod 24 Haystead v DPP The Times, 2 June 2000, 20003 All ER 890DPP v Smith 2006 EWHC 94 (Admin) What constitutes a battery and must the force used be HOSTILE? kale v Turner (1704) 6 Mod 149 Collins v Wilcock 1984 1 WLR 1172 Wilson v Pringle 1987 QB 237 F v West Berkshire HA 1989 2 All ER 545 Wainwright and other v Home Office 2003 UKHL 53 C. FALSE IMPRISONMENT Another form of trespass to the person is false imprisonment, which is the unlawful deception of constraint upon anothers freedom of movement from a particular place. Robert Goff LJ in Collins v Wilcock 1984 1 WLR 1172, at 1177 This tort relates to our freedom to move around unhindered.For an pick definition see St reet on Torts (below) The trespass rather inadequately kat oncen as false imprisonment may be defined as an act of the defendant which directly and intentionally or negligently causes the confinement of the plaintiff within an area delimited by the defendant. Please note the man Rights Interface re Article 5 of the ECHR (incorporated into UK law by virtue of the Human Rights Act 1998) Austin v Commissioner of Police for the Metropolis 2009 1 AC 564 Case law and conventions on False Imprisonment Liability is strict and the false imprisonment can result from a mistake (i. . be negligent) R v Governor of Brockhill Prison, ex p Evans (No. 2) 2001 2 AC 19, HL The restraint MUST be TOTAL i. e. COMPLETE Bird v Jones (1845) 7 Q. B. 742. It is unnecessary to show the claimant knew of the imprisonment. It is a question of fact as to whether there is total restraint imposed Meering v Grahame-White Aviation Co. Ltd (1920) 122 LT 44 Herring v Boyle (1834) 1 Cr M and R 377. Murray v Ministr y of Defence 1988 2 All ER 251. R v Bournewood 1998 3 All ER 289 detect further Williams (1991) 54 MLR 408,411 2. DEFENCES (a) ConsentSidaway v Bethlem Royal Hospital Governors 1985 1 All ER 643 Chester v Afshar 2002 3 All ER 552 Gillick v West Norfolk and Wisbech AHA 1986 AC 112 R (on the application of Sue Axon (Claimant) v Secretary of State for wellness (Defendant) 2006 EWHC 372 (Admin). Re R 1991 4 All ER 177 Re W 1992 4 All ER 627 Re B 1981 1 WLR 1421 Re M (Child Refusal of Treatment) 1999 2 FCR 577 (b) Necessity F v West Berkshire HA 1989 2 All ER 545 Re A (Children) (Conjoined Twins Surgical Separation) 2001 Fam. 147. (c) Self defence Revill v Newbury 1996 1 All ER 291 Cross v Kirby (2000) The Times, fifth April, CA 1) James Ashley (Junior) (2) James Ashley (Senior) v Chief Constable of Sussex 2006 EWCA Civ 1085, 2008 UKHL 25 (d) Contributory negligence Revill v Newbury 1996 1 All ER 291 (e) Ex turpi movement Revill v Newbury 1996 1 All ER 291 (g) Statutory authority PACE 1984 as amended 3. The rule in WILKINSON V DOWNTON 1897 2 QB 57 The principle is quite well established and helps fill a gap where the harm is caused INTENTIONALLY but INDIRECTLY. The Case Facts The defendant told the claimant that her husband had been seriously injured in an accident. This was untrue, but was intended as a joke. The laimant suffered nervous shock. Wright J. held the defendant liable because he had wilfully done an act calculated to cause physiologic harm to the claimant, i. e. , to infringe her legal right to personal safety, and had thereby caused physical harm. Since the defendants act was obviously intended to produce some entrap of the kind that it did cause, an intention to produce the harm was imputed to the defendant, and it was no answer to say more harm was done than anticipated. The problem with treating this as either an assault or a battery is that the harm is indirect and there is no application, or threat, of force.Janvier v Sweeney 1919 2 KB 316 Kh orasandjian v Bush 1993 3 WLR 476 Wong v Parkside Health NHS Trust 2001 EWCA Civ 1721 W v Home Office 2001 EWCA Civ 2081 Wainwright and Others v Home Office 2003 UKHL 53 The Wainwright case in the House of Lords is now the leading case on Wilkinson v Downton. The case involved prison strip searching of visitors. Per Lord Hoffmann I amin complete organisation with Buxton LJ at 2002 QB 1334, 1355-1356, paras 67-72, that Wilkinson v Downton has nothing to do with trespass to the person. 4. REMEDIES FOR TRESPASS TO PERSON Damages Injunction Habeas Corpus (for false imprisonment)

Does Religion Cause Wars?

There is a conventional belief among many individuals that religion is the main evidence of the present and past warf bes inflicting torment within the world. However, many military man fail to see past that belief they are unable to understand that religion is solely a small factor amongst the many contri saveing to the cause of wars. In fact, religion is merely a tool and an excuse use to hide the affect for power and sins of the human nature. Among these factors, it may be the misinterpretation of religious teachings and the differing ideals of many individuals.Unfortunately, these factors are often overlooked as most people view this fare with a simplistic mindset. The idea of religion is often able to bring peace and harmony within the world. In saying this though, religion may be twisted and exploited by individuals for either economic or political rationalitys, mostly with the blind ambition for power and control. Such people find used religion as a tool and an excuse i n order to achieve their own personal desires. This is apparent with the previous Iraki president, Saddam Hussein.The Iraqi president had aimed to persuade the Jihadists to start a holy war against the United States and British forces, who were seeking to dismiss him for his position. Saddam Hussein had publicly voiced his bring down toward the Jihadists in an Iraqi state television, where he encouraged them through his statement, jihad is a duty in confronting them Those who are martyred will be rewarded in heaven. appropriate the opportunity, my brothers (Saddam Hussein). It is sheer however, that Saddam Hussein did not really view the war he intended to begin as a religious war.Instead he intend to use religion as an excuse for his own political gains, which was to maintain his position as president of Iraq. In conclusion, religion is not the sole reason of the previous and present wars within the world, it is withal the people themselves who exploit and twist religion itse lf. Many individuals often find it difficult to give religion a precise definition. It is within their ability to understand the concept of religion yet are unable to provide an accurate definition of the word. Therefore, many may have their own interpretations of what religion truly is.This notion is similar to how individuals may have varying views in regards to the religious teachings of their religion. Sadly, in nigh cases, people may real misinterpret the teachings of their religion, which can often lead to disastrous outcomes. Such consequences are evident with the infamous belief of Jihad. The concept of Jihad means holy war or the holy struggle. It also teaches that there shall be no use of violence except in the case of defensive wars, wars which are waged to visit a tyrant, or those which are meant to uphold freedom (Concept of Jihad, pg 2).Unfortunately, there are others who misunderstand the concept of Jihad and instead moot it to be complete endurance to Allah, whi ch further means they are prepared to die (martyrdom) in the course of this submission. Such cases usually result in terrorism and suicide bombings, where individuals believe that by forcing others into their religion, by death, will please Allah. The most known example of these occurrences is the September 11 suicide bombings where approximately two planes crashed into the twin towers in in the altogether York, USA.This particular was not necessarily a war but was instead an attack part of the already ongoing war between the United States and the Islamic, terrorist group, Al-Qaeda. From this even sot it is evident that the members of Al-Qaeda had misinterpreted the concept of Jihad and instead violated the religion by using violence for unnecessary reasons. It can be concluded that even though religion may play a role in the cause of wars, it is not necessarily the only factor to blame but also the misinterpretation of the religious teachings of religions.It is not solely religi on itself that spur the gruesome wars that have occurred throughout history, but also the varying ideals of the religious worshipers. Unfortunately, in some cases there is a chance that the ideals of certain individuals may have a big influence on them than their own religious beliefs. Such terms are often confused with each other however, there is a prominent difference between the two. Beliefs are set in stone already, statements or truths that humans have decided to place their confidence in.On the other hand, ideals are personal concepts of perfection they have no boundaries unlike beliefs. When the ideals of humans have a larger power over them, the results often have a high chance of becoming cataclysmic. Such results are evident within Nazi Germany during the Second globe War, after the 1930s. Germany had been under the dictatorship of a tyrant known as Adolf Hitler. Hitler was infamously known for his cruelty and mass murder towards the Jews in Germany at that time.His rea son for his actions was that by protecting himself against the Jews, he was defending the handiwork of God (Mein Kampf, pg 60). Despite his religious reason, he had a deeper hatred towards the Jews and desired an ideal world, where there was only a majority of pure descendants of the Aryan race. The Aryan race involved humans with certain features such as blonde hair and blue eyes. Hitler believed that the Jews were pestiferous his ideal race as they offered the most striking contrast to the Aryan (Mein Kampf, pg 259), thus leading to his revulsion towards the Jews.It is unmistakable that the beliefs of Hitler were not the only cause of his actions but also his extreme ideals, which had lead to the carnage he had incited. Therefore, it is not only religion itself that cause wars but also the differing ideals of humans. Religion is often unfairly unredeemed as the direct cause of wars throughout the world. It is often used as a scapegoat as many people cannot look past that simplis tic view. Many individuals have never considered the possibilities of other factors contributing to such wars.A few of these factors are the exploitation of religion for the personal gains of individuals, the misinterpretation of religious teachings and the differing ideals of many humans. From these factors, it is evident that it is not just religion itself that causes the wars, but the people themselves also who actually wage these atrocities. Adolf Hitler (1998). Mein Kampf. United States Houghton Mifflin Company PDF file viewed at http//www. greatwar. nl/books/meinkampf/meinkampf. pdf die accessed 26/2/12 A. Ezzati. 1986). The Concept Of Martyrdom In Islam . Available http//www. al-islam. org/al-serat/concept-ezzati. htm. go away accessed 26/2/12. Coel Hellier. (2011). Nazi racial ideology was religious, creationist and opposed to Darwinism. Available http//coelsblog. wordpress. com/2011/11/08/nazi-racial-ideology-was-religious-creationist-and-opposed-to-darwinism/sec5. hold out accessed 26/2/12. Dr. John Kelsay. (1999). THE RETURN OF THE RELIGIOUS WAR . Available http//rinr. fsu. edu/fallwinter99/features/religiouswar. tml. Last accessed 26/2/12. Hadrat Mirza Gulam Ahmad. (1995). Jihad. The true Islamic concept. Available http//www. alislam. org/library/articles/Jihad-Brochure. pdf. Last accessed 26/2/12 Jim Lehrer. (2003). Saddam Hussein Calls for Jihad. Available http//www. pbs. org/newshour/extra/features/jan-june03/saddam_4-1. html. Last accessed 26/2/12 M. Amir Ali. (Unknown). Islam, Jihad, and Terrorism. Available http//www. aboutjihad. com/terrorism/islam_jihad_terrorism. php. Last accessed 26/2/12.

Savage Inequalities By Jonathan Kozol

The following paper presents a concur review. The book which has to be reviewed is Savage Inequalities by Jonathan Kozol. The book covers the research of the reason on the instruct or disable and privileged children. He also shows a comparison between the schools in urban and suburban aras. Furthermore in the book, he tells that how the education is effected due to unavailability of books to the children in the schools of the little neighboring argonas. By reading this book, people end easily conclude the circumstances of the urban center schools with the uptown 1s.The comparison presented in the book is based on the difference of quality of education being disposed(p), the races that ar involved are analyzed, the facilities being for impartd to the children in that respect and the situations under which these children are getting education. Adding further to this, he also suggests that suburban schools value the m wizy better, as they provide the children with a better and secure future. Children can flourish more in the suburban school setting as it is providing them with better and good opportunities ahead.He thinks that all the children in the schools should be treated e genuinely bit and should be provided with an equal amount of money, so that one is non superior to the other. If a child studying in the school belongs to a poor background, he should have been given equal money so that he can coup up with the other students who are better than him. Theme of the book In Savage Inequalities, Jonathan Kozol tells more or lesswhat his analysis, that he did by investigation the environment of a number of schools in America.His principal(prenominal) focus was the man schools. The book explains his visits to approximately 30 schools, between the year of 1988 and 1990. These schools were basically ranged from the poorest inner city schools to the ones in the wealthier sub urban communities. He found a huge gap between the conditions of the comm unities and the schools. His main focus throughout the book was on the question that How is there such an enormous difference inside a country with all these humanity schools who bring to provide everyone with equal opportunities? In this survey, Jonathan observed the particular that how the underprivileged schools are not given equal attention, where the education standard is low and poorer as compared to the one that is being followed in the wealthier localities. The poorer schools are not given money to upgrade their current status and can come up to the mark. Even though it is requisite for all the children to go to a school until the age of 16, they are still kept back sue to all the differences in the school in which they truckle lines and separate them on the basis of race as well as the social mannequin.He studies the financial support given to the schools as how unequal that is when it comes to strike the semipublic class divisions. He also examines institutional an d biological racial discrimination, segregation, unfriendliness of students, employees that are in underprivileged schools, substantial decomposing away of constructions and even the physical condition of the apprentices (Jonathan Kozol, 1992). Overview of Savage InequalitiesJonathan Kozols main focus in the entire book is to explore the urban school districts, which are separated by the racial difference and kin of the students which includes their class. The black or nonwhites are considered to be very poor, which discriminates them harshly with ones who are deep and belong to a wealthier class of suburban schools. He observes that even if a school is not creating diversions, the divisions occur within the school that has a vast population of students. This division is mainly ca purposed by the type of education being given and the career tracking which the students follow.This division is also created by the people by just thinking about there status and considering them superi or in class. angiotensin-converting enzyme of the reasons for these differences could be its all in the head motto. The some important tribulations that have an effect on these institutions are an entrepreneurial structure that involves the imitation of the partition of work. tutors collapse the education to congregate this obligation all the way through the trails of apprentices into the characters that they will accomplish in their financial configuration.The author further explains and points out that the upper class of white people want their children to be becomingly educated, and get into better jobs and places. They want to see a bright future for them and work in a comfortable environment in less polluted areas. These people have an upper hand and will benefit from the dissection of labor and will even use their resources to create an influence with the government, in order to maintain their proper places on the positions they are working. In his book, he also discusses a few casual conversations with the students of the schools.For example, he talked about financial support unfairness amongst institutional regions with a group of wealthy students in Rye, New York, in that group, one student posed her beliefs by saying that she doesnt exactly have any interest in these funding supports for the poorer schools, since she was unable to see that how would it benefit her (Jonathan Kozol, 1992). She sincerely didnt care about the situation of the schools that are under privileged. She knew the fact that how all those class and status divisions would favor her in different aspects. Then why would she bother looking the other way?Using various variety of details and scenarios to describe the conditions of the most prosperous school such as New Trier High School and on the other hand the most underprivileged school such as Du Sable High School. In this comparison he portrays the most terrible environments in which the students attend their daily school an d also tells that in the well off schools, the students are given such wonderful and good options and opportunities to sacrifice their career. He distinguishes the underprivileged and affluent institutes to demonstrate the readers the worst conditions that are available.Kozol also talks about a very crucial and one of the major comeback and that is of racism. He brings the fact to knowledge that mostly the poor or black children usually the Hispanic are bad savings. No matter how good they are or how good they could be. Meager educative surroundings effect in substandard learning and serious educational shortage in learners. It turns out to be very noticeable the system the management, the civilization, and the instructive system do not pass unfortunate offspring in the United States (Jonathan Kozol, 1992). Kozol vividly illustrates the deplorable conditions of the poorest schools.In distinction, he gives some colorful images of the richest suburban schools that surround them. He effectively demonstrates the racist conditions and social class discrimination that lead to the variations within the public school system as well as discusses the funding formula for Americas public schools. Kozol provides descriptions of the worst of the worst, but his research only extends to a limited number of urban schools (Jonathan Kozol, 1992). Perhaps Kozol could also include more on his views as to what the minimal requirements for a good school should be. What are the basic needs of a public school?He says that there should be more poor schools that resemble the better schools. Talking of the wealthy schools and the schooling they are providing, is that the minimum standard that they should provide? Or should the wealthy schools give a bit less so that the poorer schools can come up to their standard? Are all the public schools on the same level, as in providing equal opportunities to all the students? As a result, if the parents ask for more than the amount of quality ed ucation being provided in the public schools, they either demand for more, or mostly go for tuitions or private education for their offspring.The possible solution for lack of quality in urban schools harmonise to Kozok is equalized funding. The schools will not be solved by funding alone. For real improvement to occur changes in the greater society will have to incorporate place. After all equals schools are not determined by equal funding. Would equal funding really be desired by policy makers? If public education was really valued by the politician and if they really believed in providing equal funding for all, a lot of money would become available. Jonathan Kozol in his book Savage Inequalities takes into consideration the condition of several American Public Schools.He visited schools in the neighborhood and discovered wide disparity in the conditions between the schools in the poorest inner-city communities and schools in the wealthier suburban communities. How can such hug e difference be possible in the public schools systems of the country that claims to provide equal opportunity for everyone? Kozol finds it overt that many of the children from the poor communities get education which is far inferior to that of children who are growing up in the wealthier communities.Strong evidence is provided by the book of the case oppression, endemic in the American system. Kozol focuses on the discrepancy in resources amongst predominantly Black or Hispanic (usually inner city) schools and those that are predominantly white (usually suburban), deterrent example studies and statistics are used to compare the opportunities given to some kids to succeed while others (oppressed nations) are set up to fail (Jonathan Kozol, 1992). The topic of the conditions that are faced by children should pose an easy win for Communist looking to explain to people the need for equality for all.Its hard to believe someone thinking that a kid, natural into circumstances out of hi s or her control, deserves suffer poor housing, inadequate healthcare, and substandard education. While people argue that adults bring it on them, the children cl untimely have no control over where they are born. But Kozol highlights, with astonishment, that he found racist arguments being made by white adults about the potential of Black and Latino kids to justify the better funding of the schools in the white neighborhoods.Kozol brings to mind how during the social movement people would have been vilified by such arguments, but in the early 1990s when he wrote the book, these attitudes were commonplace. Not just the adults but the kids in these wealthier schools had excuses explaining why they deserved better schools than kids who sometimes seed miles away. The statistics presented in Kozols book are galvanize bring to attention how classes in one school are segregated racially. In one classroom there are all white students with the exclusion of maybe one or two Asian or Blac k children.In another class, which is the special class, all black children are present, with maybe one white child. According to the author, the children are separated more from each other in magnet schools. The poorer Pilcher 3 children do not get the opportunity to adjudge for these selective schools. Even if the parents are informed, on many occasion they do not have proper education to be able to fulfill the indispensable requirement to admit their children to the special schools. He strongly disagrees with the business approach to education, stating that limits cannot be put on a child for the child will never strive to go beyond that limit.He maintains that this approach will not introduce Excellency but will in fact just recite unevenness (Jonathan Kozol, 1992). Recommendations After reading this book my perception has completely changed, I had never known that a large number of schools were set(p) in the ghettos and are overcrowded or only had two toilets working share b y 1000 students, and also no toilet paper is available. The thing that has really upset me is the fact that schools in the same city limit but in the suburbs have an average of 20 children per classroom and also have enough supplies and computers enough so that no child needs to share.It is clear that the majority of these suburban schools are dominantly white and the minorities are in the urban schools. The dropout rates in the book are very high. Most children drop out of secondary school and do not get proper education due to lack of supplies and very itty-bitty or interest of the teacher. The greater part in the poor schools are that of the Hispanic or black while the elite white class children and the grand Asian children are in the gifted classes of the sub urban schools.The small population of blacks and Hispanics that attend the same schools go to the special classrooms and their mental retardations is shown as a reason for their placement. A majority of these students bel ong with the whites and Asians, they are not mental. It seems like the teachers were so unprovoked to teach in the urban schools that it reflected off of the children, the children become unmotivated towards learning which has become the reason for such high dropout rates in secondary schools.These children never get real education instead they receive incomplete discrimination due to the color of their skin. Access to private schools is denied to them, they do not get toilet paper or working toilets, and they are subdued, so they are not able to expand their horizons and are made to learn without the use of materials or supplies. They are never given a chance to attain proper education and so they suffer the consequences by living in poverty and having their children attend schools similar to their parents.This is all very upsetting to me as even though the school systems have improved a great deal there is nothing that can be done for the poor parents who were not able to get re al education due to their color and class. I hope these parents realize that what they suffered from should not affect their children. Today this issue has been subdued only because the number of schools situated in ghettos also educates the whites along with the minorities. I myself attended a high school situated in the ghetto in Bradenton, Florida. I did not actually live in a ghetto nor did any of my friends.My opinion about Savage Inequalities would be that the book presents a good over view about the conditions of the schools in the urban and suburban areas. The way it compares the situation in the schools is very innovative. But at a point I find the book very disturbing and sum of money touching, on the other hand this book became an eye opener and now I can look back and think what were the situations before and how they are now. It is very good to see the things change with the passage of time. The schools have realized the fact that the race and class doesnt matter, its the talent that a student carries.Although the schools maybe dominating with the majority of whites and the minority of others, the students are still receiving quality education, without comparing one race to another, they are able to realize the fact that its not the race which helps a person to succeed from one another. The single inconsistency that I observe in the book was that Kozol failed to notice a few matters. He didnt address to the fact that no matter if the poor are in minority, they still have the right for proper education and learn the things that the rich are learning.He also did not defend the fact that its not the poor who are responsible for lack of quality education for the poor children, whether they be in minority or majority. Overall it was a good book, worth reading and spending time on it. It had covered some really interesting facts that I enjoyed reading. On a finishing note, what I consider is that the importance of these savage discrimination, productiv ely arrange offspring into victors and defeats those institutions persuaded the children that they ought to have in some sagacity to be unsuccessful in their schooling.

A Comparative Study Of Australian Indigenous And Non Indigenous Education Essay

Australia has a prominent discontinuity between autochthonous and Non- autochthonal life expectancy, teaching methodal achievement and employment opportunities. (Coag. gov. au. 2014) There is a pressing need for an Australian endemic genteelness Reform. This need for straighten is especially requirement in away and northern, socially disadvant healed Australian communities where see to iting rates are low, along with low academic outcomes by Australian national standards. This reform inevitably to witness consideration of Indigenous cultural needs and wants.The aim of this paper is to discuss the disparity between Australian Indigenous and Non-Indigenous persons Education and make recommendations based on the effectiveness of current reforms in place to minimise the inequality between the devil demographics. The paper leave alone look at attendance statistics of take aim aged fryren in primary train and high-pitched shallow, completion statistics of highest school q ualifications completed, highest non-school qualification obtained and employment statistics for full time and part time Indigenous and non- Indigenous induceers The almost recent government apply strategy get out be briefly evaluated. Along with this, recommendations will be made.These suggestions tooshie hopefully be modified and implemented in countries that have an inconsistency their in nationwide education statistics. Placing high importance on the improvement of Australias Indigenous and Non-Indigenous education disparities will score a ripple effect and improve Indigenous health and employment opportunities. Children who attend school on a daily basis will be exposed to health and wellbeing syllabus, putting their knowledge into practice deep down their residential area.Indigenous Primary school squirtren with regular attendance will have an easier renewing into secondary school, with the improved likeliness of achieving a higher non-school qualification thus posit ively affecting the distri howeverion of workers in society. For the purpose of this paper, the following tables bellow will be referred to and the information within will be used to support and stimulate discussion. INDIGENOUS nurture ATTENDANCE RECORDINGS 3 TO 5 YEARS OF jump on AGE MAJOR CITY REMOTE subject VERY REMOTE AREA 3 31% 12% 14% 4 63% 59% 55% 5 87% 77% 70% Table 1 Source Population Characteristics, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, Australia, 2006 (cat. no. 4713. 0).This table shows the character of three to five year gaga Indigenous children attending an educational institution such as a preschool or primary school in a major city, remote or very remote area. As expected, the attendance decreases as remoteness increases. There isnt much disparity with the cardinal and five year old age groups attendance, however less than half three year old Indigenous children in a major city attend an educational facility in a major city and then this figure al most halves again when looking at children in very remote areas.INDIGENOUS SCHOOL ATTENDANCE RECORDINGS 15 TO 17 YEARS OF AGE AGE MAJOR CITY REMOTE AREA VERY REMOTE AREA 15 77% 67% 53% 16 60% 49% 34% 17 44% 29% 16% Table 2 Source Population Characteristics, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, Australia, 2006 (cat. no. 4713. 0) The results in this table are noniceably alarming. In remote and very remote areas, 50% or under of Indigenous teenagers from the ages of fifteen, sixteen and seventeen days are attending school. If only 16% of seventeen year old Indigenous students are attending high school, then in that location is a very low chance of young Indigenous persons graduating from the final year of high school.In major cities, non even half of Indigenous seventeen year olds are attending high school. Its highly unlikely that with an attendance rate is only 44% from seventeen year olds in major cities, that many of those students will continue on to complete a n on-school qualification. HIGHTEST LEVEL OF SCHOOL COMPLETED BY INDIGENOUS SATUS AND AGE AGE GROUP 18-24 25-34 35-54 55 and over total Indigenous Highest Level (%) course of instruction 12 or resembling 32 28 15 8 19 Year 11 or like 14 13 9 2 11 Year 10 or equivalent 25 26 34 16 28 Non-Indigenous Highest Level (%) Year 12 or equivalent 71 68 76 27 45.Year 11 or equivalent 10 9 12 7 10 Year 10 or equivalent 13 16 29 26 24 Table 3 Source Population Characteristics, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Australians, 2006 (cat. no. 4713) The information self-collected in the above table shows that the highest school level qualification of Indigenous people is Year 10 or the equivalent and for Non-Indigenous people its Year 12 or equivalent. As assumed, for Indigenous persons, the amount of Year 12 completions declines with age. Indicating that perhaps, programs put in place to support Indigenous education has been effective. However, overall, only 19% of Indigenous persons have compl eted Year 12.Further studies showed that 14% of Indigenous people had completed Year 8 or the equivalent as their highest school qualification. This was simply double the amount of Non-Indigenous persons who had completed Year 8 or the equivalent and only 5% lower than the amount of Indigenous persons who completed Year 12 or the equivalent. The disparity between Indigenous and Non-Indigenous young people (age 18 to 24 years) who have completed Year 12 of equivalent is a capacious 40%.These statistics of the highest school qualification current reflects on the results of highest non-school qualifications. . Indigenous (%) Non-Indigenous (%) Males Females Males Females Higher than a live degree 1. 0 1. 4 5. 9 5. 9 Bachelor degree 2. 9 5. 0 14. 3 16. 8 Advance Diploma or Diploma 3. 1 5. 3 7. 8 10. 3 security measures triple and IV level 15. 8 8. 3 25. 8 8. 5 security system I and II level 1. 4 2. 5 0. 7 1. 6 Certificate not further defined 1. 2 2. 0 1. 4 2. 7 Not stated or inad equately stated 17. 6 13. 9 6. 2 7. 3 No non-school qualifications 57. 1 61. 7 37. 9 46. 8 PERSONS AGED 26-64 YEARS WITH A NON-SCHOOL QUALIFICATION BY INDIGENOUS STATUS AND GENDER.Table 4 Source 2006 Census of Population and Housing, Australia, 2006 This table displays the non-school qualifications achieved by Indigenous and Non-Indigenous males and females. Following on from the highest school qualification results, it was not surprising to find that more Non-Indigenous Australians had received certificates III and IV, diplomas, advanced diplomas and Bachelor degrees or higher. It was disconcerting to note that more than 50% of Indigenous males and females had no non-school qualification. The majority of both Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Australians had completed a certificate III or IV.Further research showed that Indigenous persons living in major cities, when compared to those in regional or remote areas, were more than two and a half times more likely to complete a non-school qualification (39% and 15% respectively). However, strangely for Non-Indigenous persons with a non-school qualification in remote communities, there was not a disparity as larger between those that lived in major cities (58% for major cities and 48. 6% for remote areas. LABOUR FORCE STATUS BY INDIGENOUS STATUS Indigenous Total (%) Full Time transaction 27. 7 Part Time Employment 16. 6 Non-Indigenous Full Time Employment 50.0 Part Time Employment 19. 1 Table 5 Source 2006 Census of Population and Housing, Australia, 2006 The above is a depressed overview of the overall portion of full time and part time employment for Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Australians. ABSENTEEISM Days Absent Total Days enlighten Terms Missed Years of School Missed 1 day per week 451 9 2 years, 1 term 1. 5 days per week 676. 5 13. 5 3 years, 1. 5 hurt 2 days per week 902 18 4 years, 2 hurt 3 days per week 1353 27 6 years, 3 terms 5 weeks per term 1127. 5 22 5 years, 2 terms Average 5 days per term 220 5 . 5 1 year, 1. 5 terms Average 10 days per term 440 11 2 years, 3 terms ABSENTEEISM OVER A LONG PERIOD OF TIME Table 6 Source Cycles For Success DETE, SA, 2002 p. 44. The above table calculates the impact of absenteeism over a long period of time, highlighting the severity of prolonged absenteeism. Even a child who only has 5 days off a term, every term can be affected they will miss a total of 1 year and 1. 5 terms, thats a lot of curriculum covered in that time. An abridged version of Reasons for prolonged absenteeism from School attendance and retention Of Indigenous Australian students. Parental-condoned absenteeism, parents failing to accept their legal responsibilities Poor parental/carer attitudes towards schools Insufficiently valuing education Inadequate welfare support practices, especially in the early years of schooling Inconsistent approach to absenteeism between and within schools Unsuitable curriculum for some pupils Too few out-of-school/alternative curriculum places Bullying, peer pressure, imperturbable to skip school Lack of career aspirations and low self esteem Inconsistent policies and practices of topical anesthetic schools, education welfare services and schools policy documents on attendance Inconsistent referral policies between schools. Local unemployment, poverty, forgetful companionship facilities Differences between boys and girls aspirations and achievements (Purdie & Buckley, 2010) MOST RECENTLY ANNOUNCED GOVERNMENT STRATERGY In December, 2013 Indigenous Affairs Minister Scullion released an announcement of a new two- year strategy to improve Indigenous school attendance. A child attending school 70 per cent of the time is not receiving a proper education.A recent COAG report on education showed there had been no improvement in attendance of Indigenous students over the outgoing five years and in some areas it is going put upwards. It is horrific to think that in the Northern Territory, only 13 per cent of kid s are attending school 80 per cent of the time. This has to change. Minister Scullion said the two-year strategy, which is in addition to strategies discussed by COAG last week, would improve school attendance by engaging local people in each community to get kids to school. $28. 4 million will be provided over two years to ?Employ Attendance Supervisors to make and develop up to five School Attendance Officers in each community ? Appoint School Attendance Officers through the Remote Jobs and Communities Programme (RJCP) to work with families to get kids to school. Five officers will be engaged for each 100 enrolled children (scaled to suit local situations) ? Provide support for children to attend school with funds from the Indigenous Communities Strategic Investment and Community Development Funds for uniforms, vehicles and office space Schlievs, M. (2011). Evaluation of Two Year Strategy RECOMMENDATIONS Introduce vocational training within schools Vocational training should be encouraged at a school level.It not only provides a post school pathway into a non-school qualification, but it provides incentive for everyday attendance and a valid reason to participate in school. Students who dont intend on completing year 12 can obtain a non-school qualification before they leave high school, providing them with a means to enter a non- school qualification post-high school if they so wish. It will also allow students to go straight into employment post school. Schools can be set up to accommodate VET (Vocational Education and Training) and VCAL (Victorian Certificate of Applied Learning).These structured programs run in schools allow high school aged children to engage in hands-on learning in the classroom with small assessment tasks leading to a certificate. Many Australian Indigenous communities are low socioeconomic areas if their high schools operate these programs within the school they are providing a financially viable way for students to review a non-sc hool qualification. Adapt curriculum to incorporate Indigenous cultural needs and wants Many Indigenous students have poor attendance because the school curriculum does not appeal to them, their family or their communities culture.To have students actively engaged in school, both attendance and their education, the school syllabus needs to reflect the environment the children live in. Simple adoptions can make a large difference to a childs education. For example, ensuring the level appropriate indication lists has Indigenous story books. There are a large range of Australian Indigenous childrens picture books and novels for older children that are written by Indigenous authors and based in Indigenous communities.If a child is reading a book with a setting theyve never encountered before, it will become nasty to engage the child in activities and it will become easier for the child to become disinterested in their education and as a result their attendance will decrease. Art and s torytelling are prominent features of Australian Indigenous culture, so is spending time exploring the natural environment and learning valuable lessons from community Elders in regards to judgement the natural resources in the area, such as edible stick outts.Unfortunately, these skills the children acquire in their home life arent reflected in school curriculum, making the children and their families feel not only that their culture isnt valued, but attending school isnt relevant to them and their community lifestyle. Encouraging more parent participation in childrens schooling It is easier for a child to attend school if the parent or guardian encourages, supports and helps further their education in the home. When parents are stringent on their childs attendance, it assists the school in having the child attend each day. For a parent to be involved in the childs formal learning, they moldiness be a involved with the school community.Schools and educators acknowledge that learn ing first comes from the home, and in the case of Indigenous culture, it comes from the wider community. It would be very fitting for the school in Indigenous communities to run community days and activities in which the children and their families can participate, making it easier for families to accept the school as part of the community. Financial assistance outside of school educational assistance Indigenous students can miss large portions of school during the time of Sorry Business. When Aboriginal people mourn the loss of a family division they practice Aboriginal death ceremonies, or Sorry Business.The family will leave the community for an extended period of time, and if they choose to return to the community, they will move houses. This can cause a large amount of absence for a school child, or if they move to a new community, they may never enrol back into school again. Its difficult for a child to catch up on such a prolonged absence. If, as part of the national plan fo r lack of Indigenous student absences, a funded educator could assist children a community centre, such as a religious place, health centre of community recreation centre to catch up on missed school work, it would be most beneficial.This program could also be used to provide scanty assistance to children who are falling behind in their school work, before they decide its too difficult and never return to school. Initiatives such as this are respectful to the culture, but also combat the issue of students not returning to school after prolonged absence. CONCLUSION It is important to first fall what is causing the problem, before deciding on a strategy to solve a problem. Indigenous communities need to find out from their youth what would encourage them to attend and be engaged at school. Education is a foundation for any community, whether it is developed or developing.In the case of Australian Indigenous communities, school ages education doesnt only assist a person achieve a qua lification, it is important for social development, encouraging health and wellbeing in a community and will enhance future employment opportunities. There is a pressing need for an Australian Indigenous Education Reform. This need for reform is especially necessary in remote and northern, socially disadvantaged Australian communities where attendance rates are low, along with low academic outcomes by Australian national standards.This reform needs to ensure consideration of Indigenous cultural needs and wants. Any recommendations that have been made, can be adapted to assist with similar situations in various(a) countries with remote education being behind the national benchmark in major cities. REFERENCES Abs. gov. au. (2014). Indigenous statistics for schools. online Retrieved from http//www. abs. gov. au/websitedbs/cashome. nsf/4a256353001af3ed4b2562bb00121564/95ed8 14872649b0dca25758b000314ef OpenDocument Accessed 12 February.Abs. gov. au. (2014). Indigenous statistics for sch ools. online Retrieved from http//www.abs. gov. au/websitedbs/cashome. nsf/89a5f3d8684682b6ca256de4002c809b/5cd416 49a06a3033ca25758a0080249e OpenDocument Accessed 20 February 2014. Coag. gov. au. (2014). climax the gap in indigenous disadvantage council of australian governments (coag). online Retrieved from https//www. coag. gov. au/closing_the_gap_in_indigenous_disadvantage Accessed 20 February 2014. Daretolead. edu. au. (2014). Attendance research and approaches. online Retrieved from http//www. daretolead. edu. au/RES_IS_ATT 12 February 2014. Ferrari, J.. (2012). Reforms failing to close indigenous schools-gap.The Australian. Humanrights. gov. au. (2014). Statistical overview. online Retrieved from http//www. humanrights. gov. au/publications/statistical-overview-aboriginal-and-torres-strait- islander-peoples-australia-social Accessed 12 February 2014. Indigenous. gov. au. (2013). Minister scullion government unveils plan to get remote indigenous children back to school indi genous. gov. au. online Retrieved from http//www. indigenous. gov. au/minister-scullion-government-unveils-plan-to-get-remote- indigenous-children-back-to-school/ Accessed 12 February 2014. Kearns, K. (2010).The business of childcare. Frenchs Forest, N. S. W. Pearson Australia. Kearns, K. & Austin, B. (2007). Birth to big school. Frenchs Forest, N. S. W. Pearson Education Australia. Mychild. gov. au. (2014). Programs for indigenous families mychild. online Retrieved from http//www. mychild. gov. au/pages/FamiliesProgIndigenousFam. aspx Accessed 3 January 2014. Purdie, N. & Buckley, S. (2010). School attendance and retention of indigenous australian students. issues paper no. ERIC. Schlievs, M. (2011). Aboriginal children in remote areas missing school for weeks. The Australian, September.

Chpl500 Writing Assignments

Written Assignments Liberty Theological Seminary Chpl 500 Chaplaincy Foundations Review this document carefully, preparing early and in a timely manner is the key to success. Submit each assignment through the Assignments folder for the appropriate module. For each paper, follow the general guidelines (Services/Support area) and in the Additional development folder (Course filchtent Syllabus and Assignment Instructions). Module 1 Explain the early history of the chaplaincy translate carefully pages 168 (chapters 12) in Bergens text, Emperors, Priests, and Bishops, Military Chaplains in the Roman Empire & The Liturgy of war from Antiquity to the Crusades. A discussion of military chaplains in the Roman imperial design, that is, from approximately 27 BC500 AD will be examined with all its difficulties involved. aft(prenominal) completing your schooling you will convey to do the following exercises Write a two-page paper, following Kate Turabian (6th ed. ) formatting style, e xplaining the use of religion in the early history of the chaplaincy.This assignment is designed to get you to think critically about how religion and those picked to furnish religious activities grew into what is now called chaplains. Module 2 Evaluating the duties of chaplains from 1200-1600AD Read carefully pages 69104 (chapters 34) in Bergens text, The Medieval Military Chaplain and His Duties & Did the Nature of the Enemy off a Difference? Chaplains in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, 164249. By the mid-thirteenth century, the sacramental and honorable aspects of the chaplains office had achieved a firm basis in law.After completing your reading you will need to do the following exercise Write a two-page paper, following Kate Turabian (6th ed. ) formatting style, on evaluating chapters 3-4 using the SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) of the chaplains duty during this period of history? This assignment is designed to get you to think critically about, th e duties of chaplains during this period of history and to record their difficulties surround their duties.Module 3 Evaluating the chaplains role during the Civil War Read carefully pages 105140 (chapters 56) in Bergens text, Faith, Morale, and the Army Chaplain in the American Civil War & In the Service of Two Kings Protestant Prussian Military Chaplains 1713-1918. During the Civil War, a total of approximately 2,500 men served as chaplains in the Union Army. Many of them experienced serious problems and concerns during this period of history. After completing your readings you will need to do the following exercise Write a two page paper, following Kate Turabian (6th ed. formatting style, on the responsibilities and duties of the Civil War Chaplain. This assignment is designed to help you understand the awesome duties these men had to carry out as chaplains and all the issues that so divided our country during this time in American History. Module 4 Evaluating German Chaplains and their legitimacy Read carefully pages 141186 (chapters 78) in Bergens text, Wheres the Padre? Canadian Memory and the capacious War Chaplains & German Military Chaplains in the trice World War and the Dilemmas of Legitimacy. Chaplains in the German Army experienced many issues, one of which was their legitimacy as ministers and priest. After completing your readings you will need to do the following exercise Write a two-page paper, following Kate Turabian (6th ed. ) formatting style, on the Pros and Cons on the legitimacy of German Chaplains. This assignment will center your focus on how can ministers serve as chaplains under a totalitarianism and still be legitimate chaplains. Module 5 Evaluating chaplains during the Vietnam EraRead carefully pages 187232 (chapters 910) in Bergens text, We Will Be Experiences of an American Jewish Chaplain in the Second World War & Clergy in the MilitaryVietnam and After One Chaplains Reflections. As you read about a Jewish chaplains exper ience, it is vital to mean that chaplains are to provide freedom of the exercise of religion to all military members and their families and all DOD employees. What does this really mean? If you are a protestant chaplain, do you have to become a catholic chaplain or Muslim, etc.? Pluralism is important.You should understand the duties you are to carry out under this term. These two chapters and your written assignment should promote you. Once you have finished your reading assignment, you will need to do the following exercises Write a two-page paper, following Kate Turabian (6th ed. ) formatting style, on the topic What is pluralism? You may use other resources not included in this course to assist you in this assignment. Module 6 Evaluating chaplains from morale builders to moral advocates Read carefully pages 233270 (chapters 1112) in Bergens text, From Morale Builders to Moral Advocates U.S. Army Chaplains in the Second Half of the Twentieth Century & In Place of an Afterwor d My argument with Fr. William Corby, C. S. C. Chaplains are prerequisite to Commanders, to First Sergeants, and to their parish on moral issues. With todays morals changing from day to day and from court to court rulings, it is vital that chaplains know and understand moral issues and be ready to speak out on them as they relate to the military service. Once you have finished your reading assignment you will need to do the following Write a two-page paper, following Kate Turabian (6th ed. formatting style, on why is it important for chaplains to address moral issues with their commanders and parish. This assignment is designed to help you understand that chaplains are moral advocates and must address the key moral issues of our day. Module 7 Identifying the USAF, USA, & USN Chaplains Role of Today Watch carefully the moving-picture show clips on the various Armed Forces Chaplain Services and take notes about their history and the duties of the chaplains.After completing your vi ewing you will need to complete the following assignments Write a two-page paper, following Kate Turabian (6th ed. ) formatting style, on one of the Branches of Service and discuss the Chaplains Ministry in the areas of Worship, Counseling, Visitation, and Readiness-War-Time Preparedness. You may choose the USA, USAF, or USN to write about. You do not have to write on all three choose only one branch of service to discuss. The purpose of this assignment is to aid students in a better nderstanding of how a chaplains role and duties differ depending on which branch one serves in. Module 8 Evaluating the Geneva Convention Read Articles 145 on the following website of the Geneva Convention and be prepared to explain the chaplains role as a prisoner of war. History has proven that chaplains are a vital resource during wartime, and especially in a POW Camp. The Geneva Convention lays out the roles and responsibilities of chaplains when captured and placed in a POW Camp. It is of most sp lendour that chaplains know the GC guidelines as they relate to them.This assignment will assist you in understanding your role as a chaplain in a POW Camp. After reading your assigned readings on the articles of the Geneva Convention, you will need to complete the following assignments. Write a two-page paper, following Kate Turabian (6th ed. ) formatting style, on the richness of the Geneva Convention as it relates to chaplains who are POWs. This assignment is designed to underpin the importance of the chaplains role when captured and placed in a POW Camp.

Write Your Course Title

The the Statesn Revolution is one of the most most-valuable eras in American history. It was the period that fashioned the American gild and influenced the making of the temperament in readiness for the conceived independence. It refers broadly to the state of war fought by the 13 American states against his majesties array in a bid not only to reject the influence of the English parliament all over American land but also to perfect(a) both forms of allegiance to Britain.There were many work outs that take to the war yet it was clear that such re fertilize was inevitable due to the growing American society and the departure in ideologies among the leadership in American and that in Britain. One of the main issues that conduct to the war and consequent declaration of independence is the British guile of higher taxes over the American Brits as passed by British parliament. Americans entangle that since they did not check any representation within that parliament, tbidd y such a represent was unconstitutional.The British needed to raise money and therefore decided that colonies must pay more as a toll of their upkeep by the British empire. The American leadership tried to have those decisions lifted by appealing to the king since although hey did not recognize parliament authority over them, they subdued snarl that they owed their allegiance to the king. However, the king did not intervene but instead called them rebellious and decl ard war on the.An new(prenominal) rea intelligence is the fact that the British Empire had made legislations restricting pile thus leading British traders to benefit more form trade than their American counter parts a journey that was enormously resented. This in turn slowed growth in America and led to its leadership agreeing that a drastic measure was important to redress this situation. Another factor that led to the revolution was a shift in ideologies influenced by thinkers qualified Locke whose ideologies in liberalism led to the growth of a republican mood and a immobile distaste to values that oppressed some duration benefiting others.Furthermore, most felt that Britain was corrupt and unfair which fuelled a need to break away in set out to establish a state that recognized certain rights of the community to decide the direction their domain took. These and many more factors, including the Boston massacre led sexual relation to declare Americas independence from British rule and thereby starting the American revolutionary wars. The war was won by the Americans with the help from the french armies and navy and later more help from Spain and the Netherlands (Cohen, 2004).Andrew Jacksons popular brand of politics was a distinct break from the previous administrations. Why was it diametric? What was his legacy for both severe and bad? Support your answer with specific examples. Andrew Jackson was the 7th president of the United States of America and the last to have been a ca ptive of war. He has a rich history which together combined to make him one of the most important men in the American history. He was known for being a tough man both as an administrator and as an army commander.He was born third born of a family of Irish immigrants and was born in southward Carolina. His birth of an immigrant family is simply another testament to the great opportunity that America is since it offers people, from all background the chance to realize their dreams no matter how ambitious they study power be. Jacksons armed services carrier started when he was fourteen when he joined the army as a messenger which saw him captured by the British and consequently lost his brother as a result of that imprisonment.He later went on to distinguish himself-importance as a military commander rising to the rank of major general due to his heroic act in the Battle of New Orleans defending the country against British attack. It is clear from observing Jacksons history that he was a very determined man and his endeavors earned him popularity among the people. In the 1824 elections he lost to Adams although he had won the popular vote but congress chose the former since the Electoral College could not decide on one man to lead the nation.This election might have called in question the prudence of an electoral system of elections that runs against the feelings and decisions of the legal age and that installs a leader voted for by the nonage. Such a move might be seen to be contrary to the fundamental pillars of democracy that America so holds dear and might even run contrary to the provisions of the constitution that guarantees certain rights to individuals. This is because the decisions of the majority should reflect the greater good and to have such a decisions quashed by a small group of citizens is simply not right.Traditional democrats including Jefferson differed greatly with jack son on several fronts. They remote increased federal strength fearing that it might lead to a centralization of power by the federal government. They also opposed plans for the formation of a central bank to offer regulations to all other banks and in doing so preferred that states retain most powers over their affairs. They also opposed plans to have a large national army and navy. They also favored low tariffs probably one of the areas that Jackson concurred with an opinion greatly opposed by the federalists.Jackson found the Democratic party after he broke off from the one led by Adams after he lost the election to Adam. contrasted his former allies, he favored a steadfast army probably because he had a good military carrier. However, his controversial life was because of his support for thralldom and the Indian removal which is a contradictory to the bills of right and the American constitution. It is curious to note that as president he would be expected to defend the constitution yet he had shown his oppositions against such fundamental is sues raised by the very constitution he would be expected to uphold.Nonetheless, the splinter Democratic Party he helped to make would come to dominate American politics for many decades to follow a trend that continues even to today (Ward, 1962). During the first half of the 19th century, America became increasingly industrialized. It is important to understand what the industrial revolution was in order to relate it to how it affected the American society in the early 19th century. The industrial revolution first started in Britain in the 18-20th century and there were great changes in the area of agriculture, transport, industry and manufacturing and in the transport sector.These changes were experienced in other parts of the valet de chambre including America and they changed society completely. The initial stages of the revolution saw an end to manual and animal labor and an adoption of machines in farming and in other sectors. The pioneering industries include textile, transp ort and the mining and development of metal including iron. The industrial revolution in America set the country on a course to catch the greatest economic power in the face of the planet with wealth and industries unmatched by none.There are many factors attributed to Americas rapid industrialization among them being presence of capital, vast resources that could be used in industries and the presence of fast and reliable transport system to aid in trade. onwards the 18th century American relied on primitive agricultural methods for its agricultural out put. However, the revolution changed all this and great technological advancement led to better and innovative methods to farm lands and more advance machines to be used in the production of various outputs.This led to the growth of other sectors, creation of drill and an increase in the per capita income of the people fuelling growth in all sectors. There are many factors that are credited with accelerating the pace of industri alization in American during this period. Firstly, there was not adequate labor to work in the utilizations of the vast resources found in American pushing efforts to create machinery that would make work impressive and easier. Secondly, America was endowed with many rivers that could be used to transport products and also as sites for building mills and many other industries.Other inventions that accelerated industrialization included the steam engine that made transportation faster and the cotton gin that brought huge profits to plantation owners. Another factor that helped greatly to increase trade in this period was the building of roads and canals to improve transport within the country especially to those states that were landlocked. The invention of the steam engine was used to manufacture steam boats that revolutionized travel.Furthermore, steam engines were used on trains which saw the building of a rail way line that connected various parts of the country easing safari of people and goods. The invention of thee telephone and telegraph would also prove to be a major factor contributing greatly to the development of service sectors like banks. Lastly the presence of oil in the country was a contributing factor since oil provided useful products in the homes for lighting and in industries for lubricating machines. It would later become even more useful with the invention of the combustion engine.The industrial revolution not only saw many Americans acquire land but also improved the way they farmed increasing their output greatly. This is because they stopped relying on manual labor and used machinery that helped them keep the soil fertile while reducing the cost of production. Industries provided jobs for people and led to growth of urban centers whereby companies were based and suburbs were people lived. The great technological developments continued in many sectors including arms which saw an improvement in the status of the army (Hudson, 1992).Th e causes of the Civil War are many and complex There are many causes of the American civil war but terce reasons stand out as the major causes. The American civil war was fought during the period 1861-1865 and was caused by the secession of the southern Sates for the wedding. It pitted Jefferson Davies commanding the confederate forces against the union forces under the guidance of the president Lincoln. The first reason is the issue of slavery since many differed on the issue depending on which part of the country one came from.Most northerners were against slavery since they claimed that it went against the constitution that identified that all men are born equal and all had certain rights guaranteed them by the constitution. They therefore could not understand how people job themselves Americans and undetermined to the same constitution could own other people and thereby contradict the constitution in such a blatant manner. In this inclination they were agitating for an end to slavery a motion that was not well received in the south.The southern economy was dependent on agriculture and Southerners felt that they needed slaves to work on their large plantations. The election of Abraham Lincoln as president was the last straw for the southerners since they saw it as a clear move of bad things to come since Lincoln was one of the staunch supporters of the motion to abolish slavery. Lincoln and congress however tried to avert the problem by not formulating immediately a law ending slavery but instead drafted one stopping the spread of it.Southerners felt that if the growth of slavery was stopped hen slavery would die slowly and the effect would still be the same. Furthermore, Northerners gave States powers to hold referendum whereby citizens chose whether those states should keep slaves or not. Another factor that caused the civil war is the economic differences between the South and the north and the various legislations passed by Northern legislators to benefit them in the expense of Southerners. The North depended more on industries and service industry while the South depended largely on agriculture especially in cotton.This largely meant that need for labor in the form of slaves was increasing and this in turn polarized the two sides of the country against each other. Furthermore, most merchant ships form the south exported cotton and returned with finished products from Europe. Most of those products were similar to those made I the northern part and hence northerners felt that they should purchase from them and not import them . This led to the formulation of higher taxes on imports in order to force them to purchase them from their northern counterparts and this angered them since these products were more expensive.Another important factor that led to the civil war was the debate of whether to have a strong federal government since most in the south favored strong states with a weak federal government. They felt that they sho uld have the power to make their own regulations and have the authority to veto federal laws that they felt were not good for their states. They also felt that they should have the right to secede from the union and form independent countries if their populace felt so.However, the president and the north saw this as rise and could therefore not grant them such a request (Catton & McPherson, 2004). These reasons led to the Confederate states launch a secession war against the north for the right to self governance. As the war progressed Lincoln freed all the slaves held by the South a move aimed at strengthening support for the union and stopping Britain from intervening in the war. The end of the war saw a great period of reconstruction that saw great involvement by federal and state governments.With the end of the war came an end to slavery and an upholding of the constitutional provision that We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are e ndowed by their Creator with certain untransferable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of HappinessThe issue of human freedom has been an important subject from time immemorial and hence the presence of the phrase We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal in the American constitution. There are several factors that led American leaders among them Thomas Jefferson to include this provision in the declaration for independence since their efforts to win Americas independence from Britain was motivated by a need for governance that respects the rights of the people.There are several factors that led America to fight for its independence but most of the included a need to stop British parliament from imposing its legislative au thority over the American people. Most importantly was the act by British parliament to pass a law increasing tax over the American Britons a move that many felt was a violation of their sovereign rights since many felt that America owed its allegiance to he king but was not subject to legislations by the British parliament.Furthermore American leaders during the time preceding the declaration of independence felt that all people have certain natural rights which cannot be taken from them. These rights guarantee people certain rights conferred upon them which cannot be surrendered to the state and which allows men to decide their lives. Natural rights were argued from many schools of thought with religion playing a major part in leading to believe and adoption of the same in the constitution. Furthermore, natural rights could b traced to Britain whereby they were used to challenge the divine powers of kings and therefore remove kings who control unjustly.Therefore, the acts of Brit ain to dictate various laws upon the American public and levy taxes on them were considered to be breach of such rights since natural rights prohibited a party to gain while causing pain, harm or misery to the other. In this regard, the American constitution after independence went ahead to grant American citizens certain rights that could not be surrendered to the state and clarified that any law made in contradiction to these provisions would be void. This philosophy continued to grow and influence American society in years to come and this was evidence with the thirteenth amendment that abolished slavery.The issue of slavery was always a very controversial issue all over the world with many questioning the morality of some forcing others to work for them and be subject to their control. The Amendment was preceded by the emancipation proclamation by Abraham Lincoln during the civil war and was aimed at ruining the economy of those states which were trying to leave the union. As ex pected, the move won the Lincoln administration support from foreign nation especially the United ground and diminishing the rebellious states chance of recognition.However, the proclamation only freed slaves from Southern sates and it became necessary to enact a law ending slavery in the whole country. In this regard, it became illegal for any person to force any person to involuntary servitude guaranteeing the rights of all citizens to liberty. However, the end of slavery was not the end of problems cerebrate to minor groups who were mainly benighteds in the American society. They were treated as second rate citizens and they did not have most of the rights enjoyed by the white majority.Though they were no weeklong slaves they were forced to work under deplorable fountains for their white employers and the same time receive meager earnings as the price of their labor. They were not allowed to vote since they were considered minority citizens and most were even subjected to vi olence and were not given access to justice to redress these violations of the rights. The American constitution guarantees that all men are born equal and therefore guaranteed rights that cannot be denied them and this led minority groups to fight against such breach of constitutional guarantees.The situation escalated in the 20th century when segregation became widespread with black citizens not allowed to use white citizens facilities. These meant that minority groups were discriminated upon in employment, were not allowed in various establishments, and had separate schools with their white counterparts. This pushed these minority groups deep into poverty, a condition that will continue to be a big factor to the living stands of black people later on in the future.However, the 1900s were an era of great civil movements that saw the granting of voting rights to all minority groups including women. The subsequent amendment to the constitution wanted to clarify that since the consti tution clearly spelt that all people have certain unalienable rights, then any discrimination based on gender or race was contrary to the provisions of the constitution. Therefore, various governments continue to see to it that laws made do not infringe on the laws of individuals with the court reviewing laws and removing those that violate citizens rights.On the international arena, the adoption of the bill of rights have helped lead to more rights and freedoms for people all over the world (Vorenburg, 2001). References Catton, B. & McPherson, J. (2004). The Civil War. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. Cohen, S. (2004). British supporters of the American revolution, 1775-1783. Boydell press. Hudson, P. (1992). The Industrial Revolution. Oxford Publisher. Ward, J. (1962). Andrew Jackson. New York Oxford Publishers. Vorenberg, M. (2001). Final freedom. New york Cambridge university press.

Brand Loyalty vs Generic Brands

Brand Loyalty Brand Names vs. Generic Brands Why do we as, customers and consumers chose to stay hard-core to specific brands? Are you guilty of being loyal to one brand and not attempt to canvass other brand names and/or generic brands? I am. There are so many an(prenominal) different products, materials, strategies, and so forth that companies compete with each other to try to get us (the consumers) to be loyal to that brand. Example Coke vs. Pepsi AT&T vs. Sprint. There are also, people that wonder are their life-sized differences in products when its a brand name vs. eneric brand. Upon my research I hope to answer these questions that we whole give way, a time or two, have wondered about? Definition The extent of the faithfulness of consumers to a crabbed brand, expressed through their repeat purchases, irrespective of the marketing pressure generated by the competing brands. (www. businessdictionary. com) Brand Loyalty ranges from foods, clothing, cars, places, electroni cs, etc. How they get us to stay loyalThere are many reasons why we stay true to the brands weve developed to beaten(prenominal) ourselves with such as knowing the prime(a) in the product, dont trust other brands or dont care to try it, costs, availability, and /or easier resources, such as internet, the reputation of the brand by word of mouth and society standards. Companies are always developing newer and better ways to outdo their products, and sr. products and the products of their competitors. Brand Name vs. Generic Brand People have also stayed loyal when it comes to comparing the same products, but the difference is one is a brand name and the other is a generic.Such as, Tylenol vs. generic store name such as equate (wal-mart store brand). There is a difference in price? The generic (store brand) is always less in cost but is the product the same? Yes, the generic store brand of Tylenol is the same as the brand name Tylenol, the dosage, effects, risks, safety and streng ths are the same, drop for the price the store brand is cheaper and thats because the manufacturer has not had the expenses of making and selling a new drug. Interviews on brand name loyalist I have interviewed the following people to compare their loyalty to a brand and why?Questions asked Friend 1. Q What brand are you loyal to? And Why? A Sony, the picture, die and quality of the different products. Nike, the comfortability of the shoes, larger range of styles, the different professional athletes under that name meaning that theyre producing more of the products that allows the cost to lower, making it more affordable. Lexus, the quality, the appearance, the non-depreciate value it has compared to other brands and the reputation of the name? 2. Q How long have you been loyal to the brand?A Sony, 1995 is when I purchased my first Sony product Nike, 1984 in High School, I bought a new pair of sneakers Lexus, 2010. I bought my first Lexus, and currently Im driving my second Lexus . 3. Q make water you tired other similar/competitors brands? And what was your outcome? A Yes. a. before my Sony, I owned a Zenith, RCA, and Magnovox and no(prenominal) of them have compared to the quality of Sony. Sonys bottom of the annotation product is better than the Vizios top of the line products. All the electronics currently in my house is all Sony. b. I had Adidas sneakers in the past but the quality doesnt compare to Nike.

Body Piercing and Using Steroids

Nowadays, more and more teenagers are interested in body acute while their parents dont agree with them. On the other hand, using steroids is common among athletes and young stack who sine qua non to increase their muscle size or reduce their body fat. Although acquiring body neat and using steroids cave in become popular activities in modern society, they can both be genuinely dangerous. There are different reasons why young people take steroids or pierce their bodies. Recently, piercings of the lip, tongue, nose, ear, navel, and mamilla are growing in the world.The reasons for piercing vary greatly some people pierce to contain into a certain group that they want to be the member of. Some teenagers pierce to be mutinous against their parents. However, some young people manipulation steroids to increase their performance in sports. For example, Arnold Schwarzenegger has used steroids in 1974, 1977, 1967, 1992, and 1996. He said, I used them because they help me an extra fi ve percent, but it was a risky thing to do. Others use steroids to change their appearance.This drug gives muscles the potential to grow bigger and stronger more quickly. Both users of steroids and people who have their bodies pierce have a similar purpose to call attention to their body. Some people who use steroids want to show off their body shape with big strong muscles. In addition, most people who have their body pierced try to decorate their bodies with ornate jewelry pieces and show off their personalstyle or look on popular fashion. There are two different ways to have the body pierced or to take steroids.Piercing body is a piercing or a puncture made in a body with a needle. After that, a piece of jewelry is installed into the puncture. The needle must be very sharp and clean, and the pierced area should be clean too. Nevertheless, steroids are taken as pills or are injected. There are several different methods to use. One of them is called cycling, in which users take steroids for six to xii weeks or more, stop for several weeks, and then start again. What happen after someone uses more steroids?He gains lading very rapidly. According to the author of, Dying to Be Bigger I was told to take by chance two or three per day, but I immediately started taking five per day. My body transformations were all the way visible. In less than a month, I took the entire three-month supply. I gained nearly thirty pounds. Most of my weight was from water retention, although at the time I believed it to be muscle. Conversely, there is often no big problem after body piercing for users, but they should be careful about the piercing area.The approximate better time for body piercing sites varies. It could be between two weeks and nine months. Both activities, using steroids and getting body piercing, can also lead to some emotional or physical side effectuate . According to ygoy, the side effects of piercing are nerve damage if the piercing is in an unprote cted area of the body cross-contamination, which is an infection or virus through dirty needles allergies and infections if your skin is sensitive offend keloids a type of scarring and prohibition of donating blood for a year.

Living on A Minimum Wage

Barbara Ehrenreich is a writer and journalist who decided to conduct an experiment and find out for herself what it is want to kick the bucket on the tokenish employ. For one month at a time she entered various communities, fetching on minimum prosecute positions and trying to stay ahead. Ehrenreich detailed her experience in the book nickel none and Dimed. This books offers insight into the significant lives and struggles of these heap, showing just how difficult life is for them. As well as this, it is a striking account of how the lower class ar treated by their employers and by people in general.The first thing that was immediately nonice adequate in the book was just how hard it was for people on the minimum net profit just to achieve the canonicals of having food and shelter. Ehrenreich started the experiment in Key wolfram and was not planning to live an extravagant life at all. Her plan was to find a melodic line that would pay $7 an hour and a place to rent at a low lavish price that she could afford food and gas. Ehrenreichs plan is to live in a pilotless aircraft home. How ever so, she soon finds that in time a trailer home comes at a rent that is too full(prenominal).Ehrenreich describes this realization saying that it is a shock to realize that trailer trash has become, for me, a demographic category to aspire to (Ehrenreich p. 12). This was surprising and shocking to take away and changed my opinion near conditions for people on the minimum wage. I had considered that people living in trailer homes were struggling, unless had never considered that they were struggling to the extent that just affording a trailer home would be so difficult. I in like manner assumed that people living on minimum wage would be commensurate to at least afford basic items such as food and shelter, even if they were not able to afford luxuries.This immediately on the fence(p)ed my eyes to just how much people struggle just to mother the basic es sentials. This same problem is revealed again later in the book where Ehrenreich experiences the same thing in different towns. At one point, she is operative two jobs and working seven days a week. heretofore then, she is provided just able to supply herself with the basics. Ehrenreich also offers an opinion on the housing problem where she states that the high rent is a problem in all places where tourists and the wealthy compete for living space with the people who clean their toilets and fry their food (Ehrenreich 12).This suggests that the minimum wage earners are pushed out of decent accommodation by the people who are better off. The higher wage earners can afford higher rent and so rents go as high as these people can afford. Ehrenreichs hitence to the wealthy though, doesnt seem to refer to those that would typically be considered wealthy. Instead, the wealthy are labeled from the point of view of someone who is on minimum wage. The wealthy then are really the skilled w orkers who are by no means rich, alone are rich enough to afford to live reasonably well and at least escape to meet their basic needs and achieve a basic living standard.This strongly suggests that there is a study problem in society, since it seems absurd to think that you encounter to be wealthy just to have enough to have a decent place to live and be able to eat. This is a basic right that both person should have and it seems wrong that it is not available to everyone. It seems especially wrong that it is not available to a person working as hard and as m each hours as Ehrenreich does. Ehrenreich also provides further analysis of the problem. As she sees it, there is a supply and demand issue at the intent of the problem.Workers need to work, but there are more workers then there are jobs. This gives employers the ability to obligate return current and still have those jobs filled. In fact, this just created more demand for jobs because workers depart be looking for tw o or three jobs. In this situation, there is no need for employers to increase wages so they do not. This results in the wages creation fixed. At the same time, there is demand for letting properties, food, and all the other essentials. This demand is not driven by the people on minimum wage, but by the population all overall.While the people on minimum wage may not ever be base forward, the economy overall and the population overall is always moving forward. This means that the comprise of everything is always increasing, which includes the exist of food and the cost of rent. The question this raises is how people on minimum wage are ever supposed to catch up. How can they save anything to better themselves or improve their situation if every cent they earn is spent just trying to live? And if they cannot move ahead but everything else keeps moving ahead, what other option is there but for the people to fall further and further behind?This suggests that the conditions will co ntinue to worsen. People on minimum wage will have to work more jobs and agelong hours and will be able to do less and less with that money. In the book, Ehrenreich shows that she came very close to having to live in a shelter. It seems that life will only become harder and this downhill spiral may be the only direction that life can go for people on the bottom levels. Another master(prenominal) point in the book relates to how Ehrenreich is treated. From her first attempts to collar a job, there is always the sense that she is being looked down upon by others.The job application processes seem uncaring at best and often humiliating. The working conditions seem just as bad. And for the customers that she serves in her roles, it seems like she is treated as barely human. The only real kindness or consideration she receives is from people in the same position as her. For employers and the public, she is either not noticed at all or seen as inferior and not deserving better treatmen t. For the public, I think this is something that happens naturally, rather than something is done out of cruelty.As long as someone is in a job and coifing a job task, they tend to be though of as existing to resultant role that task. This applies to all positions, whether it be minimum wage or not. For example, it is natural to think of doctors and dentists in terms of the jobs they perform and not to consider them as people. For this point then, I dont think that the book shows a special give the sack for minimum wage earners. Instead, it is more like there is just a lack of awareness about these people. In the end though, I dont think it is up to the public to show regard for minimum wage earners or any other type of worker.Instead, it should be up to the employer to treat all employees fairly. As historied though, there is no requirement for companies to do so. And the companies are always thinking of employees as a cost and not considering their personal needs. What can be done about the problem them? Ehrenreich does not provide an answer and there is no clear solution. However, just noticing that there is a problem to be solved is a good start. The book also shows power issues between employers and employers.Ehrenreich suggests that employers are keen to maintain their power over employees, including making it clear that employees should not join unions. During the interview process, Ehrenreich has to answer questions about whether she has children that would interfere with her ability to get to work and whether she thinks safety is the responsibility of management. Ehrenreich also describes trick questions asking about things like the amount of stolen goods purchased per social class and the attitude on drugs. It seems clear that the interview process is created with the belief that the person will be a problematic employee.They ability injure themselves and expect management to care. They might be late for work because of their children. They mi ght be on drugs or steal from the company. The situation does not get any better when Ehrenreich gets a job, with her boss then constantly watching her for signs of drug abuse, stealing, or any other form of determine breaking. The situation that Ehrenreich describes is one where the employer has complete power. Despite all the laws on equal opportunity, it seems that employers can discriminate and call for not to employ someone who has children.Despite the law protecting the safety of workers, it seems that employers can ignore their employment of protecting employees. Overall, it seems that employees have no rights at all and no power at all. The companies can cod demands and the employees situation gives them no choice but to accept the demands. The power issues also seem to be increase by the view that the employers have of the employees. They seem to expect employees to be drug abusers, to be likely to steal, and to be barely intelligent or capable enough to perform basic d uties.It is this attitude that has minimum wage earners like Ehrenreich being looked down on and treated with no respect. As Ehrenreich notes several times, minimum wage earners are seen as nothing more than people who have no choice but to do the jobs that are above everyone else. What can be done about this problem? Ehrenreich does not provide any answers to this questions. However, what she does do is make it clear that there is a very real problem. After reading the book, the passing(a) battle of minimum wage earners becomes disturbingly clear.It is even more concerning when is it considered that Ehrenreich has trouble surviving as a minimum wage earner even though she has a lot more going for her than most, including that she only has herself to support. If Ehrenreich cant do it, it seems clear that nobody can. The end result of the book is the realization that there is a major problem in society that needs to be fixed. This is what the makes the book powerful, with Ehrenreich s account of her struggle able to open peoples eyes to the world that they either couldnt see or didnt want to see.